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Because quantity is all most systems keep. When a supplier reports a defect the only honest answer is to check every delivery note by hand, and that takes days you do not have.
Batch and serial tracking records identity as well as quantity: which batch or unit arrived, where it was held, and which customer it went to.
Numbers are captured on the goods receipt and again on the delivery challan. Expiry dates sit on the batch, so issue can follow first-expiry-first-out rather than first-in-first-out.
A supplier flags a defective batch. Searching the batch number returns every customer who received a unit from it, with the challan and the invoice, in one query rather than one afternoon.
It will not stop a defect reaching a customer. It shortens the distance between finding out and knowing exactly who to call.
Purchasing captures numbers on receipt, invoicing carries them on the challan, and Desk can see which unit a customer holds when they raise a ticket about it.
Yes, tracking is set per item.
Yes, on batches, with first-expiry-first-out issue and expiry reporting.
Yes, to the customer, the challan and the invoice.
Fourteen days, every module, no card. Or half an hour with someone who will run it on your own records and tell you where it does not help.