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Responsible does the work. Accountable owns the outcome and is the one who decides. Consulted is asked before. Informed is told after.
The distinction that carries the value is responsible versus accountable — and the rule that there is exactly one accountable person per item.
Settling ambiguity about who decides, before that ambiguity costs you a fortnight. It is most useful on decisions and deliverables in projects that cross teams.
Where everyone already knows who decides, it adds nothing but paperwork.
No. That is precisely the ambiguity it exists to remove.
No. Use it for decisions and deliverables that cross teams.
Consulted. Each entry adds delay, so it should be reserved for input that changes the outcome.
Half an hour with your own data usually saves reading three of these. The guides will still be here afterwards.