Take contracted hours, subtract leave booked and public holidays, subtract the proportion that genuinely goes to meetings, support and internal work.
What remains is far below headcount times a standard week — commonly sixty to seventy per cent. Planning against the higher number is the single most common cause of a plan that was wrong on day one.
Person-level for the next few weeks, role-level beyond that. Detailed named allocation three months out is precision you do not have and will spend time maintaining.
And plan against skills, not just bodies. Two available people who cannot do the work are not capacity.
Below what looks efficient. Around eighty per cent leaves room for the delays that will happen.
Person for the near term, role beyond it. Named allocation months out is false precision.
Your HR system, automatically. Anything manual will be out of date.
Half an hour with your own data usually saves reading three of these. The guides will still be here afterwards.